The Evolution Deceit
The theory of evolution is a philosophy and a worldview that produces false hypotheses, assumptions and imagined scenarios to explain the existence and origin of life in terms of mere coincidences. The roots of this philosophy can be back to antiquity and ancient Greece.
All atheist philosophies that deny creation, directly or directly subscribe to the idea of evolution. The condition today applies to all ideologies and systems that are antagonistic to religion.
Charles Darwin
The idea of evolution has been involved in a scientific disguise for the last century and means to justify himself. Although presented as a supposedly scientific theory in the mid-19th century, the theory, despite the best efforts of his supporters, he has not yet been verified by any scientific finding or experiment. Indeed, the "science very" in which the theory depends amply demonstrated and continues to demonstrate repeatedly that the theory has no basis in reality.
Experiments Laboratory and probabilistic calculations have definitely made it clear that the proteins whose life can not arise by chance. The cell, which would have arisen by chance in primitive and uncontrolled land conditions, according to evolutionists, still can not be synthesized even in the most sophisticated laboratories high-tech 20th century. N is a single "transitional form", creatures who are supposed to show the gradual evolution of organizations peak of more primitive as suggested by the neo-Darwinian, found throughout the world despite the most diligent research and long in the fossil record.
Try to gather evidence for evolution evolutionists have unwittingly proven by their own hands that evolution can not happened at all!
The person who introduced the theory of evolution, mainly in the form which is defended today, was English amateur biologist with the name of Charles Robert Darwin. Darwin published his ideas in a book entitled The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection in 1859. Darwin said in his book that all living things have common ancestors and have evolved from each other by means of natural selection. Best suited to habitat transferred their traits to subsequent generations, and to accumulate once more, these advantageous qualities transformed species people totally different from their ancestors. The man was therefore the most advanced product on the mechanism of natural selection. In summary, the origin of a species was another species.
Darwin's fanciful ideas were seized and promoted by certain ideological circles and political theory has become very popular. The main reason is that the level of knowledge about these days is not enough for that scenario imaginary Darwin was wrong. When Darwin presented his assumptions, the disciplines of genetics, microbiology and biochemistry exist not yet. If they had, they could easily have recognized that Darwin's theory was totally unscientific and therefore did not attempt to advance these claims make sense: the information to determine species already exists in the genes and it is impossible for natural selection to produce new species by altering genes.
While the echoes reverberated from Darwin, an Austrian botanist named Gregor Mendel discovered the laws of heredity in 1865. Although little known before the end of the century, Mendel's discovery gained great importance in the early 1900s with the birth of the science of genetics. Some time later, the structures of genes and chromosomes were discovered. The discovery in the years 1950, the DNA molecule that contains genetic information threw the theory of evolution into a major crisis, because the source of the vast amount of information in DNA could be explained by random events.
Besides all these scientific advances, there transitional forms, which are supposed to show the gradual evolution of living organisms from the primitive species peak were found despite years of research.
These developments should have led to Darwin's theory is relegated to the dustbin of history. However, not because some circles urged to review, renew and improve the theory of a scientific platform. These efforts gain meaning if we realize that behind the theory of Lie ideological intentions rather than scientific concerns.
However, some environments who believed in the need to defend a theory that an impasse had soon created a new model. The name of this new neo-Darwinism. According to this theory, species have evolved as a result of mutations, small changes in their genes, and the strongest that survive through a mechanism natural selection. However, when shown that the mechanisms proposed by neo-Darwinism changes were minor and were invalid not sufficient for the formation of living things, evolutionists went looking for new models. They arrived with a new representation called "Punctuated equilibrium", which is based on no rational or scientific. He considered that living things suddenly became another without any kind of transition. In other words, species that evolutionary "ancestors" suddenly appeared. It was a way to describe the creation, if evolutionists are loath to admit it. They tried to cover it with scenes incomprehensible. For example, said that the bird for the first time in the history of all could Suddenly, inexplicably out of a reptile egg. The same theory has also argued that land-dwelling carnivorous animals whales have been giant, which has undergone a sudden and complete.
These statements, totally at variance with all rules of genetics, biophysics, and biochemistry are as scientific as the fairy tales of frogs turning into princes! However, anxiety about the crisis that the neo-Darwinian claim is found, some evolutionist paleontologists embraced this theory, which has the distinction of being even more surprising that neo-Darwinism itself.
The sole purpose of this model was to provide explanation of the differences in the fossil record that the neo-Darwinian could not explain. However, it is not rational to try to explain the gap in the fossil record of the evolution of birds with the assertion that "a bird came all of a sudden eruption" reptile egg, since, by the admission of evolutionists, evolution from one species to another species requires a big change and cost of genetic information. However, no mutation increases genetic information or adds new information to her. Mutations disrupt that genetic information. Thus, the mutation "severe" imagined by the punctuated equilibrium model, causing "serious" that is "large" reductions and weaknesses of genetic information.
The theory of punctuated equilibrium is obviously the result of mere imagination. Despite this obvious truth, defenders of evolution no doubt in honor of this theory. The fact that the model of evolution proposed by Darwin can not be proven by the fossil record that they would. Darwin said that the species underwent a gradual change, which requires the existence of half-bird / half-reptile half-fish/half-reptile or monsters. However, not even one of these forms "Transient has been found despite extensive studies of evolutionary and hundreds of thousands of fossils have been discovered.
The advantage evolution model of punctuated equilibrium in the hope of hiding this great fossil fiasco. As we said before, it was very clear that this theory is a fantasy, so little time itself consumed. The model of punctuated equilibrium was never presented as a coherent model, but rather used as an escape route in case clearly does not fit into the model of evolution progressive. Since evolutionists now realize that complex organs like eyes, wings, lungs, brain and other explicitly challenge the model of gradual evolution, these points in particular are forced to take refuge in the fantastic performances equilibrium model punctuated.
Is there a fossil record to test the theory of evolution?
The theory of evolution argues that evolution from one species into another species is a gradual, step by step over millions of years. The logical conclusion drawn is that organizations live monster called "transitional forms" should have lived during these periods of transformation. Since evolutionists claim that all living beings have evolved from each step of the other stage, the number and variety of these transitional forms should have been in the millions.
320 million years, fossils of cockroaches
From 360 million years, fossils of trilobites
If the creatures had actually lived, we see his body everywhere. In fact, if this theory is correct, the number of intermediate forms of the transition should be even greater than the number of species animal living today and their fossils should be abundant throughout the world.
Since Darwin, evolutionists have been searching for fossils and were the result of the crushing disappointment for them. Nowhere in the world – not on land or sea – are a form of transition between intermediate two species ever discovered.
Darwin himself was well aware of the absence of such transitional forms. It was their most great hope of the future. Despite his hope that the main obstacle to his theory was the missing transitional form. For this reason, In his book The Origin of Species, wrote:
Why, if species have descended from other species by fine gradations, Is not everywhere innumerable transitional forms? Why not all nature in confusion instead of species we see them, well defined? … But as for this theory innumerable transitional forms must have existed, why not find them embedded in countless numbers in the crust of the earth? … But in the region middle, with intermediate conditions of life, why not now find close links between the intermediate varieties? This difficulty has long confused me a lot. (1)
Darwin was right to be worried. The problem bothered other evolutionists. A famous British paleontologist, Derek V. Ager, admits this embarrassing fact:
The point emerges that if one examines the fossil record in detail, whether at level of orders or of species, we found – one and again – not gradual evolution, but the sudden explosion of one group over other (2).
Gaps in the fossil record can not be explained by illusions that the fossil is not enough to have been discovered and that these fossils are absent one day. Another evolutionist paleontologist, T. George Neville, explains why:
No need to apologize any longer for poverty of the fossil record. Somehow, it became almost unmanageable rich and discovery is superior to integration … The fossil record nevertheless continues to be composed mainly of gaps (3).
Life appeared on Earth and complex early forms
When terrestrial strata and the fossil record are examined, is that living organisms appeared simultaneously. Stratum oldest in the country fossils of living creatures have been found is the "Cambrian", which has an estimated age of 530 to 520,000,000 years.
Creatures living found in the strata belonging to the Cambrian period appeared in the fossil record suddenly, without ancestors pre-existing. The vast mosaic organisms composed of such a large number of complex creatures emerged so suddenly that this miraculous event is known as the Blast " Cambrian in the scientific literature.
Most organisms found in this stratum have organs like the eyes very advanced, or systems observed in organisms with a highly developed organization, such as gills, circulatory system, and so on. There is no evidence in the archives fossils indicates that these ancestors had the body. Richard Monestarsky, the publisher of Earth Sciences, said the sudden appearance of living species:
Hundred million years, very complex forms of animals we see today suddenly appeared. This moment, early in the period Cambrian Earth about 550 million years ago, marks the explosion of evolution that has filled the seas of the first in the world of creatures complex. The large animal phyla of today were present already in the Cambrian, and they are so different from each other they are today (4).
Not being able to find answers to the question of how Earth came to overflow with thousands of different animal species, evolutionists have one imaginary period of 20 million years before the Cambrian Period to explain how it originated life and "the unknown happened." This period is called the "development gap." No evidence was ever found and the concept is practical nebulous and undefined even today.
In 1984, many complex invertebrates have been discovered in Chengjiang, located inland of the high central plateau of Yunnan in southwestern China. Among them were trilobites, now extinct, but no less complex structure of all modern invertebrates.
The Swedish evolutionist paleontologist, Stefan Bengston, explains the situation as follows:
If an event in the history of life seems to creation myths the man is the sudden diversification of marine life, when he took charge of multicellular organisms as the dominant actors in ecology and evolution. Baffling (and embarrassing) to Darwin, this event still dazzles us. (5)
The sudden appearance of complex living beings without predecessors is no less baffling (and embarrassing) to evolutionists than it was for Darwin 135 years ago. In almost one half-century, have gone a step beyond the point which has prevented Darwin.
It can be seen the fossil record indicates that living things have not evolve from primitive to advanced forms, but appeared suddenly and in very good condition. The lack of transitional forms is not unique to the Cambrian period. Not a transitional form verifying changes called "progression" of vertebrates – from fish amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals – has never been found. Every living species appears instantaneously and in its current form, perfect and complete in the fossil record.
In other words, living beings did not come into existence through evolution. They were created.
The most expensive piece of evidence for evolution has been shown to be valid
A 410 millions of fish fossils of coelacanths years (left). Evolutionists claim that the test temporarily passage of water from fish to land. The fact more than forty-life examples of these fish were caught in the past fifty years shows that fish is a completely normal and alive.
A 135 million year fossil Archaeopteryx, the ancestor of birds, of course, that would have evolved from dinosaurs. Search the fossil was, however, be an extinct bird that had flown once, but then lost that ability.
EVOLUTION OF FALSE
Drawings scams
The fossil record is the main source for those seeking evidence of the theory of evolution. In a thorough and without prejudice, the fossil record refutes the theory of evolution rather than support. However, misleading interpretations fossils by evolutionists and their representation injury to the public have given many people the impression that the fossil record actually supports the theory of evolution.
The susceptibility of certain results in the fossil record for all kinds of interpretations is the best of what serves for evolutionists. Discoveries fossils are mostly insufficient for reliable identification. Generally consist of fragments, incomplete bone. For this reason, it is very easy to distort the data available and use as you wish. As expected, the reconstructions (drawings and models) made by evolutionists on Based on fossil remains purely speculative ready to confirm the theory of evolution. Since people are easily affected by visual information these models are used for reconstruction imaginary convince them that the reconstructed creatures really existed in the past.
Researchers Development drawing imaginary creatures like humans, usually from a single tooth, or jaw, or a fragment of a humerus, and present the public in a sensational as links in human evolution. These designs have played a major role in creating the image of "primitive man" in the minds of many people.
These studies based on skeletal remains can reveal only very general characteristics the creature in question. Distinctive details are present in the soft tissues disappear rapidly with time. With the interpretation of soft tissue speculative everything is possible within the limits of the imagination of producers reconstruction. Earnst A. Hooten from Harvard University, explains the situation:
The attempt restore the soft parts is another dangerous. Lips, eyes, ears, nose and leave no clues to the underlying bony parts. It is possible to model the same facility on a Neanderthal skull characteristics of a chimpanzee or the lineaments of a philosopher. These alleged restorations of types Alumni humans have little or no scientific value and probably only to deceive the public … So do not rely on the reconstructions (6).
Studies for making fake fossils
There was no valid evidence in the fossil record of the theory of evolution, Some evolutionists have dared to take their own account. These efforts have even been included in the encyclopaedia "the evolution of distortions" position, are the clearest sign that the theory of evolution is an ideology and a philosophy that evolutionists have difficulty defending. Two of the most serious and notorious of these forgeries are described below.
Piltdown Man
False Fossils:
Piltdown Man
Charles Dawson, a well-known doctor and amateur paleoanthropologist, came out with a claim that he had found a jawbone and a skull fragment in a pit in Piltdown, England in 1912. Although the skull was similar to the human jaw has been clearly apes. These specimens have been dubbed "the Piltdown Man." On behalf of 500 thousand years, which were displayed as absolute proof of evolution human. For over 40 years, many scientific articles have been written on "Piltdown man", many interpretations and drawings were done and the fossil was presented as crucial evidence of human evolution.
In 1949, scientists have examined a new fossils and concluded that the "fossil" was a deliberate falsification is a human skull and jaw of an orang-utan.
Using the method of dating by fluorine, the researchers found that the skull was only a few thousand years. Teeth of the jaw, which was owned an orangutan, had been artificially worn and "primitive" that accompanied the fossils were conveniently Crude fakes that have been sharpened steel implements. In the detailed analysis carried out by Oakley, Weiner and Clark, which revealed falsification to the public in 1953. The skull belonged to a man 500 years, and the jaw belonged to a recently deceased ape! The teeth were then specially arranged in a matrix and add to the jaw and joints were introduced to make it resemble that of a man. Then all these pieces were stained with potassium dichromate them seem dated. (These spots disappeared when immersed in acid.) Le Gros Clark, who was a member of the team that described the counterfeiting, could not hide surprise:
Evidence of artificial abrasion immediately sprang into view. In fact, it seems so obvious if you may be asked: how did that had escaped notice before? (7)
Nebraska Man
The image was prepared on the basis of a single tooth and published in the Illustrated London News of July 24 1922. However, evolutionists were extremely disappointed when it was revealed that this tooth belonged neither to a creature resembling a monkey or a man but to an extinct pig.
In 1922, Henry Fairfield Osborn, the ector of the American Museum of Natural History, has said he had found a fossil molar in western Nebraska near Snake Brook belonging to the Pliocene period. This tooth would have given the characteristics common to humans and monkeys. Deep arguments Scientists began in which some have interpreted this tooth than Pithecanthropus erectus, while others claimed it was closer to modern man. This fossil, which has attracted lengthy discussion, it was popularly called "Nebraska Man." It was also immediately given a "scientific name" "Hesperopithecus haroldcooki."
Many authorities gave Osborn their support. Based on this single tooth, reconstructions of the head Nebraska man and the body was produced. Moreover, Nebraska man was shown, even with an entire family.
In 1927, other parts of the skeleton were also found. According to these newly discovered documents, the tooth belonged neither to a man or a monkey. He realized that he belonged to an extinct species of wild American pig called Prosthennops.
Men and Monkeys are a common ancestor?
According to the claims of the theory of evolution, men and modern apes have common ancestors. These creatures have evolved over time and some of them became apes today, while another group that followed another branch of evolution has become in modern man.
Evolutionists call the so-called first common ancestors of great apes and men "Australopithecus" which means "South African ape." Australopithecus, nothing but an old ape species that is extinct, there are several types. Some of them are solid, while others are small and light.
Evolutionists classify the next stage of evolution man as "homo," which is "man". According to the statement evolving, living in the Homo series are more developed than Australopithecus, and not very different from modern man. The modern man of today, Homo sapiens, would have formed in the last step the evolution of this species.
The fact is that the man called Australopithecus in this imaginary scenario made by evolutionists are actually extinct apes, and humans Homo series are members of different races who lived in the past and then disappeared. Evolutionists Mono loans and various human fossils in order smallest to largest to form a "human evolution" scheme. The research, however, these fossils showed that in no way implies an evolutionary process and some of these alleged human ancestors were monkeys real, while some of these were real human beings.
Now take a look at Australopithecus, which represents the first step diagram the evolution of human evolution.
Australopithecus: extinct monkey
Evolutionists claim that Australopithecus are the most primitive ancestors of modern man. It is a sort of age with a head structure and the skull similar to that of modern great apes, but with a smaller cranial capacity. According to the claims of evolutionists, these creatures have a very important feature that authenticates them as the ancestors of bipedalism men.
Movements in monkeys and men are completely different. The Humans are the only living beings moving freely on two feet. Some other animals have a limited ability to move in this direction, but those who have skeletons bent.
According to evolutionists, these creatures called Australopithecus had the ability to walk on a slope instead of an upright posture, as beings humans. Even this limited bipedalism was enough to encourage the evolutionists to cast on these creatures were the ancestors of man.
No. But the first evidence to refute the claims of evolutionists who have been bipedal Australopithecus came from evolutionists. Studies conducted detailed fossils of Australopithecus evolutionists even forced to admit that they looked "too" apes. Having conducted detailed anatomical research on the fossils of Australopithecus in the mid-1970s, Charles E. Oxnard compared the skeletal structure of Australopithecus to that of modern orang-utans:
An important part of today's conventional wisdom human evolution is based on studies of teeth, jaws and skull fragments of australopithecine fossils. These indicate that the relationship Australopithecus close to the human race can not be true. All these fossils are different from gorillas, chimpanzees and men. Studied as a group, the Australopithecines seem more orang-utan. (8)
What really bothered evolutionists was Discovering Australopithecus I could not walk on two feet and a stooped posture. He was physically very inefficient in bipedal Australopithecus would, but with a pas de deux, to move because of the huge energy demand would have resulted. Through computer simulations In 1996, the British paleoanthropologist Robin Crompton also showed that "composite" step was impossible. Crompton reached the following conclusion: a living being can walk upright or on all fours. A guy passing through the center can not stand for long periods because of extreme energy. This mean that Australopithecus could not have been the two bipeds and a penchant standing posture.
Probably the most important study showing that Australopithecus could not have been bipeds came in 1994 research anatomist Fred Spoor and his team at the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Liverpool, England. This group has conducted studies on bipedalism of living fossils. His work examined the involuntary-balancing mechanism in the cochlea of the ear, and then the results showed conclusively that Australopithecus could not have been bipedal. This prevented any claim that Australopithecus was similar to that of humans.
Homo series: Real Humans
The next step in human evolution is imaginary "Homo", ie the set of rights. These human beings are no different modern humans, but they have some racial differences. Seeking to exaggerate these differences, they represent an evolution rather than "Career" of modern man, but also different "species". However, as we shall see, the people of the series Homo are nothing more than common human racial types.
Under the rules of the imagination of evolutionists, the internal evolution of the species Homo imagination is as follows: Homo erectus and Homo sapiens Archaic Man and Neanderthal, the Cro-Magnon man after and, finally, the modern man.
Despite the claims of evolutionists, on the contrary, all "species" that we have listed above that are real human beings. Consider first Homo erectus, which evolutionists call the most primitive human species.
The most striking evidence indicating that Homo erectus is a species of "primitive" is the fossil of the child "Turkana, one of the most old remains of Homo erectus. It is estimated that the fossil was from a 12-year-old who was 1.83 meters in height as a teenager. The upright skeletal structure of the fossil is no different from that of modern man. Its height, fine structure and is fully compatible with skeletal people living in the tropics today. This fossil is one of the most important pieces of evidence that Homo erectus is another example the modern human race. Evolutionary paleontologist Richard Leakey compares Homo erectus and modern man following:
You can also see differences in skull shape, to the extent of the projection of the face, eyebrows and so strong. These differences are probably no more pronounced than we see today among the different geographical races of modern man. Such biological variation arises when populations are geographically isolated each other for long periods of time (9).
Leakey make the difference between Homo erectus and us is not simply the difference between blacks and Eskimos. The characteristics of Homo erectus skull as a result of your power, and the emigration of their genetics and not assimilation with other races for a long period.
Another strong evidence that Homo erectus is not a species of "primitive" is that fossils of this species were discovered between 27,000 years and even thirteen thousand years. According to an article published in time – not a scientific journal, but nevertheless had a scan in the world of science – the fossils of Homo erectus than 27,000 years have found on the island of Java. Kow Swamp in Australia, some thirteen thousand years old fossil was found bearing the characteristics of Homo Sapiens, Homo erectus. All these fossils indicate that Homo erectus continued to live until very close to our days and were only a human race that has been buried in history.
Archaic Homo sapiens and Neanderthal man
Homo sapiens archaic is the immediate precursor of modern man in the imaginary evolutionary system. In fact, evolutionists do not have much to say about these men, as there are only minor differences between them and modern humans. Some researchers claim that representatives of this race are still alive today, and the point of the Aborigines in Australia as an example. As Homo sapiens, the Aborigines were also prominent eyebrows, structure of the jaw in a stable, and just under the skull. On the other hand, important discoveries were made which implies that these people lived in Hungary and in some villages in Italy until not long ago.
Evolutionists point to the fossil human discovered in the Neander valley in Holland who called Neanderthals. Many contemporary researchers define Neanderthal man as a subspecies of modern humans and Homo sapiens neanderthalensis "he said. Certainly, this race coexisted with modern man at the same time and in the same areas. The results show that Neanderthals buried their dead instruments, musical fashion, and had cultural affinities with Homo sapiens sapiens living in the same period. Fully modern skulls and skeletal structures of Neanderthal fossils are not open to any speculation. A leading authority on the subject, Erik Trinkaus, University of New Mexico, writes:
Detailed comparisons of skeletal Neanderthal remains with modern humans have shown that there is nothing in Neanderthal anatomy that conclusively indicates locomotor, manipulative, intellectual, language skills or lower than those of modern humans (10).
In fact, the Neanderthals were still "evolving" advantages relative to modern humans. Neanderthal cranial capacity was larger than that of modern humans and are more robust and muscular us. Trinkaus says:
"One of the most characteristic features of the Neanderthals is the exaggerated massiveness of their trunk and limb bones. All preserved bones suggest a strength seldom attained by modern humans. Furthermore, not only is this robustness present among men adults, as expected, but it is also evident among adult women, teenagers and even children. "
To put it precisely, Neanderthals were a human race that assimilates with other races in time.
All these factors indicate that the scenario of "evolution human "made by evolutionists is a product of his imagination, and that men have always been men and apes still apes.
Then life as a result of coincidence argues evolution?
The theory of evolution holds that life began with a cell formed by chance under primitive earth conditions. Consider the composition of the cell with a simple comparison to show how it is irrational given the existence cell – a structure that still retains its mystery in many ways, even at a time when we are about to set foot in the 21st century – A natural phenomenon and matches.
With all its operating systems, communication systems, transportation and management, cell is no less complex than any city. It contains plants produce energy consumed by the cell, plants that produce enzymes and hormones essential to life, a databank where all necessary information on all products to be produced is recorded, systems complex transport and pipelines for transporting raw materials and products from one place to another laboratory, and advanced refineries in the end for imported raw materials used in parts, and specialized cell membrane proteins to control the input and output material. These are only a small part of this incredibly complex system.
Far from being formed under primitive Earth, the cell, which in its composition and mechanisms are complex, can not be synthesized in the most sophisticated laboratories of our time. Even with the use of acids amino components of the cell can not produce as a unique cellular organelle such as mitochondria or ribosomes, much less an entire cell. The first cell that has been said that evolution occurred by chance is less a product of imagination and a product of the imagination as a unicorn.
Proteins Challenge match
And not only the cell that can occur: the formation, under natural conditions, including protein from the thousands of complex protein molecules that make up a cell is impossible.
Proteins are giant molecules consisting amino acids arranged in a particular order in certain quantities and structures. These molecules are the building blocks of a living cell. Most simply consists of 50 amino acids, but there are proteins that are composed of thousands of amino acids. The absence, addition or substitution of one single amino acid in the protein structure in living cells, each of them has a particular role makes the protein to become a bunch of molecules unnecessary. Can not demonstrate the "accidental formation" of amino acids, the theory of evolution of the founders developed the formation of proteins.
It is easy to demonstrate, by simple probability calculations that anybody can understand the functional structure of proteins can in no case coincidence.
There are twenty different amino acids. Whereas the average size of a protein molecule consisting of 288 acids amino ago 10,375 different combinations of acids. Of all these possible sequences, only "a" form of the desired protein molecule. Other chains of amino acids are completely useless or potentially harmful to living things. In other words, the probability of the formation a match of a single protein molecule is above 1 in 10 375 1 "that occur outside an" astronomical "numbers with 1 followed by 375 zeros is for all practical purposes zero probability that. "There is no other, a protein. Molecule of 288 amino acids is rather modest compared with some giant protein molecules consisting of thousands of amino acids. When applying calculations probability similar to these giant protein molecules, we see that even the word "impossible" becomes inadequate.
If training a coincidence not one of these proteins is impossible, billions of times more impossible than about one million of these proteins that bind by chance in a form organized and complete a human cell. In addition, a cell is no more than a collection proteins. In addition to proteins, the cells include Nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins and other chemicals as electrolytes, which are arranged in harmony with the design of specific proportions, both in terms of structure and function. Everyone works as an element or a component of various organelles. The probability that average protein molecule made up of five hundred amino acids that are fixed in proportion and good order, and the probability of all amino acids it contains being only left hand and combined with only peptide bonds is "1" divided by 10,950. We can write this number, which is formed by placing 950 zeros after 1, as follows:
10 950 =
100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000, 000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,
000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
As we have seen, evolution can explain the formation of even a single protein to millions in the cell, and yet least explain the cell.
Dr. Ali Demirsoy one of the leading lights of evolutionary thought in Turkey, in his book I Kalitim Evrim (Inheritance and Evolution), analyzes the probability of the coincidental formation of cytochrome-C, an enzyme essential to life:
The probability of formation of a sequence of cytochrome-C is also likely zero. That is, if life requires a certain sequence, you can say that this probability may be obtained once in the entire universe. Otherwise some metaphysical powers beyond our definition must have acted in its formation. To accept this is not appropriate for the application of science. Therefore, we must examine the first hypothesis (11).
Following these lines, Demirsoy admits that this probability is only accepted because she was "most appropriate to the aims of science" is not realistic
The probability of providing the particular amino acid sequence of cytochrome-C is also unlikely that the possibility of a monkey to write history of humanity on a typewriter – assuming that the monkey pushes random buttons (12).
The correct sequence of amino acids is not sufficient for proper formation of protein molecules present in living organisms. In addition, each of the twenty different amino acids present in the composition of proteins must be left-handed. Chemically, there are two different types of amino acids called "leftists" and "right." The difference between them is the mirror symmetry between their three dimensional structures, which is similar to that of an individual right and left hand. Amino acids one of these two types are found in equal numbers in nature and may be linked to each other perfectly. No. But research reveals a surprising fact: all proteins present in the structure of living things are composed of the left hand amino acids. Even one-handed amino acid attached to the structure of a protein makes it unnecessary.
Assume for a moment that life emerged by chance, evolutionists claim. In this case, acid right-handed amino and is generated at random must be naturally occurring in almost equal amounts. The question of how proteins can select the amino acids left hand, and that even a single amino acid right hand is involved in the process of life is something that evolutionists still confused. In the Encyclopedia Britannica of Sciences, an ardent defender of evolution, the authors suggest that the amino acids in all organisms living in the land and the building blocks of complex polymers such as proteins have the same asymmetry delivered. They add that this amounts to flip a coin coin a million times and always heads. In the same encyclopedia, say it is not possible to understand why molecules become left or right hand and that choice is a fascinating link to the source of life on earth (13).
It is not enough for amino acids which are arranged in the correct numbers, sequences, and the necessary structures in three dimensions. The formation of a protein also requires acid molecules amines with more than one arm be linked together by certain weapons. Such a bond is called a peptide bond. "Amino acids can form different bonds with each other, but comprise only proteins and amino acids that are joined by "peptide" bonds.
The Research has shown that only 50% of amino acids combined at random, combined with a peptide bond and the rest are combined with different obligations which are not present in proteins. To function properly, each amino acid forming a protein must bind to other amino acids with a peptide bond, as it should be elected from among the leftists. Without doubt, no control mechanism to select and set aside handed acids amino personally that each amino acid has a peptide bond with others.
In these circumstances, the chances of a protein molecule average of five hundred amino acids self-organization in the right amounts and the sequence addition to the probabilities of all amino acids that contains only the left hand and use a combination of peptide bonds are:
– The probability of being in the correct sequence = 1 / 20500 = 1 / 10650
– The likelihood of being left = 1 / 2 500 = 1 / 10 150
– The ability to combine with a "peptide bond" = 1 / 2 499 = 1 / 10 150
TOTAL = probability of 1 / 10 950, is "a" probability of 10 950
As seen above, the probability the formation of a protein molecule comprising five hundred amino acids is "1" divided by a number formed by placing 950 zeros after a 1, a number incomprehensible to the human spirit. There is only one chance in the paper. In practice, this possibility has "0" feasibility. In mathematics, a lower probability of 1 in 10 50 is statistically considered to have a "0" likelihood embodiment.
While the improbability of the formation of a protein molecule composed of five hundred amino acids reaches such a point, which also can proceed to push the limits of the mind to higher levels of improbability. In the "hemoglobin" molecule, a protein essential, there are five hundred and sixty-four amino acids, a number much larger than that of amino acids that make up proteins mentioned above. Now, consider this: only one of thousands of millions of red blood cells in your body, there are "280 million" (280 million euros) hemoglobin molecules. The supposed age of land is not sufficient to pay the formation of a single protein, let alone a red blood cell by the method of "trial and error." The result of all this is that evolution falls into a terrible abyss of improbability right at the stage of formation of a single protein.
Seeking answers to the generation of conscious life of the terrible odds against the possibility of life forming by chance, evolutionists have been unable to give a rational explanation of their beliefs, so he started looking ways to demonstrate that the chances are not as bad.
They designed a series of laboratory experiments to answer the question of how life could generated from inert matter. The best known and most respected of these experiments is known as the Miller, "Experiment" or "The Miller-Urey experiment" Who was conducted by the American researcher Stanley Miller in 1953.
To prove that amino acids could have come into existence accident, Miller has created an atmosphere in his laboratory which was assumed to have existed on early Earth (but more later proved to be unrealistic) and went to work. The mixture was used for the primitive atmosphere was composed of ammonia, methane, hydrogen and water vapor.
Miller knew that methane, ammonia, water vapor and hydrogen do not react under natural conditions. He knew I had to inject energy into the mix to start a reaction. Suggested that this energy could come from lightning in the primordial atmosphere and, on the basis of this assumption, he used artificial shock experiments.
Miller boiled the gas mixture to 100 0 C for one week, and also introduced a power to the camera. At the end of the week, Miller analyzes the products chemicals which had formed in the room and noted that three of the twenty amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, was synthesized.
This experiment aroused great excitement among evolutionists and promote it as a great success. Encouraged by the idea that experience really proven theory, evolutionists immediately produced new scenarios. Miller would have demonstrated that amino acids can form. On this basis, was rushed to the assumption of the following steps. According to his hypothesis, amino acids joined later by an accident in the appropriate sequences into proteins. Some of these proteins are accidentally placed in the cell structures like membrane, which "Somehow" has emerged and formed a primitive cell. Cells together in time and form of living organisms. The most important pillar of the scene was the Miller experiment.
However, Miller's experience has been nothing more than "pretend", and has been proven valid since in many ways.
The invalidity of the Miller experiment
Nearly half a century has passed since Miller conducted his experiment. Although it has been shown to be valid in many respects, the progress of evolution Miller and yet their results as absolute proof that life could have formed spontaneously from inanimate matter. When Miller's experiment evaluated critically, without partiality and subjectivity of evolutionary thought, however, it is clear that the situation is not as optimistic as Evolutionists would have us think. Miller had set a goal to prove that amino acids can form in primitive conditions on earth. Some amino acids were produced, but the conduct of a conflict with its objective experience in many aspects, as below.
Miller isolated acids amino-time environment where they were trained, through a mechanism called "cold trap". Had not Indeed, the environmental conditions under which amino acids are immediately destroyed the molecules.
It is quite absurd to suppose that mechanism aware of this kind has been an integral part of the basic conditions of the country, involving ultraviolet light, various chemicals, and high percentage free oxygen. Without this mechanism, an amino acid that has managed to form immediately destroyed.
The environment atmospheric primitive Miller attempted to simulate in his experiment was not realistic. Nitrogen and carbon dioxide were constituents the primitive atmosphere, but it does not Miller and the use of methane and ammonia instead.
Why? Why evolutionists insist that the primitive atmosphere contained large amounts of methane (CH4), ammonia (NH3) and water vapor (H 2 O)? The answer is simple: without ammonia, which is impossible to synthesize an amino acid. Kevin McKean speaks in an article in Discover magazine:
Miller and Urey imitated the ancient atmosphere of the earth with a mixture of methane and ammonia. They said the land was a real mixture homogeneous metal, rock and ice. However, recent studies, it is understood that the earth was very hot at that time and was composed nickel and iron. Therefore, the chemical environment of that time were mainly nitrogen (N 2), carbon dioxide (CO 2) and steam water (H 2 O). However, it is not, appropriate as methane and ammonia for the production of organic molecules (14).
After a long silence, Miller himself also confessed that the atmospheric environment he used in his experiment was unrealistic.
Another important point that invalidates Miller's experiment is that there was enough oxygen to destroy all the acids amines in the atmosphere at the time that evolutionists thought that amino acids form. This concentration of oxygen certainly have prevented the formation of amino acids. This completely undermines the Miller experiment, in which the oxygen completely neglected. If oxygen was used in the experiment, methane would have decomposed into carbon dioxide and water, and ammonia were decomposed nitrogen and water.
In addition, since there were no ozone layer, an organic molecule, possibly could have lived on earth because was completely protected against the intense ultraviolet rays.
In addition to some essential amino acids to life, Miller's experiment also produce many organic acids whose characteristics are very harmful to the structures and functions living beings. If he had not isolated the amino acids and had left them in the same environment with these chemicals, their destruction or their transformation into different compounds through chemical reactions would not have been avoided. In addition, a large number of right-handed amino acids are also formed. The existence of these amino acids disproves the theory, even within his own thought, because the right hand amino acids are unable function in the composition of living organisms and proteins unusable when engaged in composition.
To conclude, the circumstances in which amino acids formed in Miller's experiment were not suitable for life forms to become. The environment which they formed a mixture of acids and oxidized destroy any useful molecules that might be achieved.
Refute evolutionists theory of the reality of evolution, as they often do, to advance in this experiment as "proof". If the experiment proves something, is that amino acids can be produced in a laboratory quality control in which all the necessary conditions has been specifically designed and consciously. That experience shows that the bearer of life (even the "near life" of acidic acids) at no coincidence may be unconscious, but conscious and not – in a word, Creation. Therefore, all stages of creation is a sign that shows the existence and power of God.
The miraculous molecule: DNA
The molecule called DNA contains the building plan the human body.
The theory of evolution has been unable to provide a coherent explanation of the existence of molecules that are base of the cell. In addition, the evolving science of genetics and the discovery of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) were problems entirely new to the theory of evolution.
In 1955, two scientists working on DNA, James Watson and Francis Crick began a new was in biology. Many scientists ected their attention to the science of genetics. Today, after years of research, scientists have largely, to map the structure of DNA.
Here we give basic information on the structure and function of DNA:
The molecule called DNA, which exists in the nucleus of each of the 100 trillion cells in our body contains the complete construction plan of the human body. Information regarding all the characteristics of a person's physical appearance of the structure of internal organs, is recorded in the DNA through a system special coding. The information is encoded in the DNA sequence of four special bases that make up the molecule. These bases are named A, T, G and C, according to the initial letters of their names. All the structural differences between people depend on variations in the sequence of these bases. It Approximately 3.5 million or 3.5 billion nucleotide letters in a DNA molecule.
DNA data for a body or a protein particular is included in special components called "genes". For example, information on the eye are in a series of genes special, while information on the heart exists in an entirely different set of other genes. The cell produces proteins using the information in all these genes. Amino acids that form the structure of the protein defined by the sequencing of three nucleotides in DNA.
At this point, an important detail deserves attention. An error in the nucleotide sequence comprising a gene causes the gene useless. If we consider that are 200,000 genes in the human body, it becomes obvious that it is impossible for the millions of nucleotides that make up these genes to form by chance in order. An evolutionary biologist, Frank Salisbury, comments on this impossibility, by saying:
A medium protein might include about 300 amino acids. The DNA gene controlling this would have about 1,000 nucleotides in its chain. Since there are four types of nucleotides in a DNA strand, which consists of 1,000 links could exist in April 1000 forms. Using a little algebra (logarithms) we can see that in April 1000 = 10,600. Ten times itself 600 times gives the figure 1 followed by 600 zeros! This number is completely beyond our comprehension. (15)
April 1000 number is equivalent 10 600. This number is obtained by adding 600 zeros to 1. 10 with 11 zeros indicates a billion, a figure of 600 zeros is actually a number that is difficult to understand.
Demirsoy evolutionist Professor Ali was forced to make the following confession on this subject:
In fact, the probability of formation Random protein and nucleic acid (DNA, RNA) is infinitely small. The odds against even the appearance of a particular protein chain are astronomical. (16)
In addition to all these improbabilities, the DNA can be involved in a reaction to form double-stranded helix. This also, it is impossible to think he can be the basis of life.
In addition, while DNA can replicate only with the help of some enzymes that are actually proteins, the synthesis of these enzymes can be achieved by the information coded in DNA. Since both depend each other if they are to exist at the same time for replication, or one of them has been "created" before the other. American microbiologist Jacobson comments on the subject:
The full ections for the reproduction of plans, energy and mining parts of the current environment of the growth sequence, and the effector mechanism translating instructions to growth – (. the beginning of life) were all be present simultaneously at the time this combination of events seems to be a highly unlikely coincidence, and has often been attributed to divine intervention. (17)
The quotation above was written two years after the release of DNA structure by James Watson and Francis Crick. Despite all the advances of science, this problem remains unsolved for evolutionists. In short, the necessity of DNA in reproduction the need for the presence of certain proteins for reproduction, and the obligation to produce these proteins as a function of the DNA information full development to demolish thesis.
Two German scientists, Junker and Scherer explained that the synthesis of each of the molecules necessary the chemical evolution require different conditions, and the likelihood that the composition of these methods of supply of materials is theoretically very different from zero:
Until now, no experiment is known which can get all the molecules necessary for chemical evolution. Therefore, it is essential to produce various molecules in different places under very convenient and then go to another place for reaction by protecting them from harmful elements like hydrolysis and photolysis (18).
In short, the theory of evolution can not prove any stage of development which is supposed to occur at the molecular level.
To summarize what we have said so far, or amino acids, or their products, proteins that make up the cells of living beings, could never occur in any call "The atmosphere primitive "environment. In addition, factors such as the incredibly complex structure of proteins, his right hand, the characteristics of the left and difficulties in the formation of peptide bonds are only part of the reason that never occur in any future experience either.
Even if we assume for a moment that the protein was formed somehow by accident, that still would not make sense, the proteins are nothing in themselves: can not reproduce. Protein synthesis is only possible with the information coded in DNA molecules and RNA. Without DNA and RNA, it is impossible to reproduce a protein. The specific sequence of twenty different amino acids encoded in DNA determines the structure of each protein in the body. However, as was clear to all who have studied these molecules, it is impossible for DNA and RNA to form by chance.
The reality of creation
With the collapse of the theory of evolution in all domains, leading names in the discipline of microbiology today accept the fact of creation and began to argue everything is created by a conscious Creator as part of an exalted creation. It is already a fact that people can not ignore. Scientists can approach their work with open minds have developed a view called "intelligent design". Michael J. Behe, one of the most important of these scientists, indicates that it accepts the absolute being of the Creator and describes the impasse of those who deny this fact:
The result of these combined efforts to investigate the cell – to investigate life at the molecular level – is a strong, clear, piercing "means" the result is so obvious and so significant that it must be ranked as one of the greatest achievements in the history of science. This triumph of science should evoke cries of "Eureka" ten thousand throats.
However, no bottles were uncorked, no hands clapping. Instead, a curious silence shame surrounds the stark complexity of the cell. When the subject appears in public, feet start to shuffle, and breathing becomes a little difficult. In private are somewhat more relaxed, many explicitly admit the obvious, but look at the ground, shake their head and let it go that way. Why the community Scientific eagerly embrace his startling discovery? Why observation design handled with intellectual gloves? The dilemma is that if one side the elephant is labeled intelligent design, the other party must be labeled in God (19).
Today many people are not even aware that they are able to accept a body of fallacy as truth in the name of science, instead of believing in God. Those who can not find the phrase "God created from nothing" scientific enough can believe that the first living being arose rays reach a "Primordial soup" billions of years.
As described elsewhere in this book, the balances in nature are so delicate and so numerous it is totally irrational claim that they developed "by chance". Whatever the amount may be released from this irrationality of endeavor, the signs of God in Heaven and earth are quite obvious and undeniable.
Allah is the Creator of heaven the earth and all the rest.
Signs include his being the entire universe.
Under the pen name Harun Yahya, Adnan Oktar has written more than 250 works. His books contain a total of 46,000 pages and 31,500 illustrations. Of these books, 7,000 pages and 6,000 illustrations deal with the collapse of the theory of evolution. You can consult free of charge, all the books Adnan Oktar has written under the pseudonym Harun Yahya on these websites www.harunyahya.com
1. Charles Darwin, The Origin Species: Through natural selection or the preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life, Paris: Presses Senate, 1995 134.
2. Derek A. Ager. "The nature of fossils." Proceedings of the British Geological Survey Association, vol. 87, no. 2, (1976), p. 133.
3. TN George, "Fossils an evolutionary perspective, "Progress of Science, vol.48, (January 1960), p.1-3
4. Richard Monestarsky, the mysteries of the Orient, free, April 1993, p. 40.
5. Stefan Bengston, Nature 345:765 (1990).
6. Ernesto A. Hooton, above the monkey, New York: MacMillan, 1931, p.332.
7. Stephen Jay Gould madness Smith Woodward, New Scientist, April 5, 1979, p. 44.
8. Charles E. Oxnard,
About the Author
ABOUT THE AUTHOR, HARUN YAHYA
Born in Ankara in 1956, Adnan Oktar writes his books under the pen name of Harun Yahya. Ever since his university years, he has dedicated his life to telling of the existence and oneness of Almighty Allah, and to disseminating the moral values of the Qur’an. He has never wavered in the face of difficulties and despite oppression, still continues this intellectual struggle today exhibiting great patience and determination. For mor information pls visit: http://www.harunyahya.com/theauthor.php
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